It is a technique of encoding & decoding information and message on the laws of quantum physics. It offers confidentiality of data transmission. The foundation of quantum cryptography lies in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states that certain pairs of physical properties are related in such a way that measuring one property prevents the observer from simultaneously knowing the value of the other. It uses the property of polarization of photons to encrypt and decrypt communications. The most well known application of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution which describes the process of using quantum communication to establish a shared key between two parties without a third party (Eve) learning anything about that key.
